Chinyezi ndi chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino chowongolera chilengedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito zipinda zoyera. Phindu lachinyezi chokhazikika mu chipinda choyera cha semiconductor chimayendetsedwa kuti chikhale chapakati pa 30 mpaka 50%, zomwe zimalola kuti cholakwikacho chikhale mkati mwa ± 1%, monga malo a photolithographic - kapena ngakhale ang'onoang'ono kumalo akutali a ultraviolet processing (DUV). - M'malo ena, mutha kupumula mpaka ± 5%.
Chifukwa chinyezi chachifupi chimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zomwe zingapangitse kuti chipinda choyera chigwire bwino ntchito, kuphatikiza:
● kukula kwa bakiteriya;
● Chitonthozo chimene ogwira ntchito amamva kutentha kwa chipinda;
● Malipiro osasunthika akuwoneka;
● dzimbiri zachitsulo;
● Kufupikitsa nthunzi wamadzi;
● kuwonongeka kwa lithography;
● Kumwa madzi.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zowononga zamoyo zina (nkhungu, mavairasi, bowa, nthata) zimatha kuchulukirachulukira m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chopitilira 60%. Zomera zina zimatha kukula ngati chinyezi chambiri chikupitilira 30%. Chinyezi chikakhala pakati pa 40% ndi 60%, zotsatira za mabakiteriya ndi matenda opuma zimatha kuchepetsedwa.
Chinyezi chapakati pa 40% mpaka 60% ndi mtundu wocheperako womwe anthu amakhala omasuka. Chinyezi chambiri chimapangitsa kuti anthu azivutika maganizo, pamene chinyezi chocheperapo 30% chingapangitse anthu kumva kuti ali owuma, ophwanyika, osowa kupuma komanso osokonezeka maganizo.
Kunyezimira kwakukulu kumachepetsa kudzikundikira kwa static charge pamwamba pa chipinda choyera - izi ndi zotsatira zomwe mukufuna. Chinyezi cham'munsi ndichoyenera kudzikundikira ndalama komanso gwero lomwe lingawononge ma electrostatic discharge. Chinyezichi chikamaposa 50%, mtengowo umayamba kutha mwachangu, koma chinyezi chikakhala chochepera 30%, amatha kupitilirabe kwa nthawi yayitali pa insulator kapena pamtunda wopanda nthaka.
Chinyezi chapakati pa 35% mpaka 40% chitha kukhala chokomera, ndipo zipinda zoyeretsera za semiconductor nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zowongolera zina kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa static charge.
Liwiro la machitidwe ambiri a mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko ya dzimbiri, lidzawonjezeka pamene chinyezi chikukula. Malo onse omwe ali ndi mpweya wozungulira chipinda choyera amaphimbidwa ndi madzi osachepera amodzi. Malowa akapangidwa ndi chitsulo chopyapyala chomwe chimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi madzi, chinyezi chambiri chikhoza kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika. Mwamwayi, zitsulo zina, monga aluminiyamu, zimatha kupanga okusayidi yoteteza ndi madzi ndikuletsa kuwonjezereka kwa okosijeni; koma vuto lina, monga copper oxide, silimateteza, choncho M'madera omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri, malo amkuwa amatha kuwononga kwambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri, photoresist imakulitsidwa ndikukulitsidwa pambuyo pophika chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa chinyezi. Photoresist adhesion imathanso kukhudzidwa ndi chinyezi chambiri; Chinyezi chochepa (pafupifupi 30%) chimapangitsa kumatira kwa photoresist kukhala kosavuta, ngakhale popanda kufunikira kwa polymeric modifier.
Kuwongolera chinyezi m'chipinda choyera cha semiconductor sikungochitika. Komabe, pamene nthawi ikusintha, ndi bwino kuyang'ananso zifukwa ndi maziko a machitidwe omwe anthu ambiri amavomereza.
Chinyezi sichingawonekere makamaka chifukwa cha chitonthozo chathu chaumunthu, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhudza kwambiri ntchito yopangira, makamaka pamene chinyezi chimakhala chokwera, ndipo chinyezi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chowongolera kwambiri, chifukwa chake Mu kutentha ndi kutentha kwa chipinda choyera, chinyezi chimakonda kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-01-2020